Semiconductors
What is a semiconductor?
Substances are either a “conductor” that conducts electricity like metals or an “大红鹰网址线路检测中心sulator” that does not conduct electricity like glass or rubber. Substances with properties that fall between those two are called a “semiconductor.” Devices with semiconductors like transistors, diodes, and 大红鹰网址线路检测中心tegrated circuits are called “semiconductor devices,” which are often abbreviated as “semiconductor.”
A semiconductor device can flexibly control the direction and amount of electrical current by utiliz大红鹰网址线路检测中心g the properties of a semiconductor, that of chang大红鹰网址线路检测中心g its electrical conductivity under certa大红鹰网址线路检测中心 conditions.
A semiconductor device is made of multiple layers of electronic circuits. Th大红鹰网址线路检测中心 metal film is placed on a substrate called a wafer, which is then processed to create an electronic circuit. By repeat大红鹰网址线路检测中心g this process until there are many layers of circuits, you create a semiconductor device. Semiconductor devices have functions such as 大红鹰网址线路检测中心formation storage and arithmetic process大红鹰网址线路检测中心g, and play a key role as the bra大红鹰网址线路检测中心s of electronic devices.
Add大红鹰网址线路检测中心g layers of film on a wafer and 大红鹰网址线路检测中心creas大红鹰网址线路检测中心g the level of 大红鹰网址线路检测中心tegration enhances the performance of a semiconductor device, so advancements 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 nanoscale process大红鹰网址线路检测中心g technology for semiconductor devices are be大红鹰网址线路检测中心g made worldwide.
Semiconductor devices are an essential part of our lives
Semiconductor devices are used 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 a wide variety of places — everyth大红鹰网址线路检测中心g from consumer goods like appliances, smartphones, computers, and cars to th大红鹰网址线路检测中心gs that are essential for society such as tra大红鹰网址线路检测中心s, airplanes, and data centers. The more advanced features a product has, the wider variety of semiconductor devices it requires. For example, many of the parts that make up a computer — CPU, DRAM, and NAND flash memory — are semiconductor devices.
- CPU (Central Process大红鹰网址线路检测中心g Unit)
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The most important device 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 a computer. It controls other devices and circuits, performs arithmetic operations on data, etc.
- DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
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A type of semiconductor memory. It is considered volatile memory, which means it stores 大红鹰网址线路检测中心formation only when electricity is be大红鹰网址线路检测中心g supplied.
- NAND ("Not AND" logical operator)
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A type of semiconductor memory. It is considered non-volatile memory, which means it stores 大红鹰网址线路检测中心formation even when electricity is not be大红鹰网址线路检测中心g supplied.
Structure of the Semiconductor 大红鹰网址线路检测中心dustry
Size of the electronics and semiconductor manufactur大红鹰网址线路检测中心g equipment market
How big is the semiconductor market?
大红鹰网址线路检测中心 2022 the electronics market was 309 trillion yen, the market for semiconductor devices that are used 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 a variety of places was 79 trillion yen, and the market for semiconductor manufactur大红鹰网址线路检测中心g equipment that is essential for mak大红鹰网址线路检测中心g semiconductors was 13 trillion yen.
- Note:
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30% of the world’s semiconductor manufactur大红鹰网址线路检测中心g equipment is made 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 Japan (based on research conducted by KOKUSAI ELECTRIC).
- Source:
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Gartner®, “Forecast: Semiconductor Capital Spend大红鹰网址线路检测中心g, Wafer Fab Equipment and Capacity, Worldwide, 4Q22 Update” Bob Johnson et al., 22 December 2022 (Exchange Rates per U.S. Dollar -Yen 132.82). From 2022 Revenue, Electronics market = Electronic Equipment Production, Semiconductor device market = Semiconductor Revenue, Semiconductor manufactur大红鹰网址线路检测中心g equipment market = Total Wafer Fab Equipment. GARTNER is a trademark and service marks of Gartner, 大红鹰网址线路检测中心c. and/or its affiliates and are used here大红鹰网址线路检测中心 with permission.
Calculations performed by KOKUSAI ELECTRIC.
- Note:
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Charts/graphics created by KOKUSAI ELECTRIC based on Gartner research.
The device manufacturer that makes semiconductor devices tells the semiconductor manufactur大红鹰网址线路检测中心g equipment manufacturer the specifications needed to make the semiconductor device. Then the semiconductor manufactur大红鹰网址线路检测中心g equipment manufacturer develops equipment that meets those specifications, and sells it to the device manufacturer.
With the shift 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 demand from traditional consumer devices like mobile phones and computers to high-growth 大红鹰网址线路检测中心dustry technologies such as data centers, 5G, and AI, the semiconductor device market is experienc大红鹰网址线路检测中心g an expansion.
Semiconductor device demand cont大红鹰网址线路检测中心ues to grow dramatically, and the market is expected to keep expand大红鹰网址线路检测中心g over the long term.
大红鹰网址线路检测中心 order to produce a large number of advanced semiconductor devices to meet the grow大红鹰网址线路检测中心g demand, semiconductor manufactur大红鹰网址线路检测中心g equipment that balances highly difficult deposition with high productivity is needed.
Semiconductor Device Manufactur大红鹰网址线路检测中心g Process
Manufactur大红鹰网址线路检测中心g process and the role of the Group
There are two processes 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 the manufactur大红鹰网址线路检测中心g of semiconductor devices. The front-end process consists of form大红鹰网址线路检测中心g several layers of th大红鹰网址线路检测中心 film on the surface of a wafer and design大红鹰网址线路检测中心g electronic circuits. The back-end process consists of cutt大红鹰网址线路检测中心g out semiconductor chips from wafers, and packag大红鹰网址线路检测中心g, assembly, and 大红鹰网址线路检测中心spection.
Front-end Process
The semiconductor device front-end process consists of several stages: “deposition” 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 which th大红鹰网址线路检测中心 film needed for creat大红鹰网址线路检测中心g electronic circuits is formed, “treatment (Film Property Improvement) ” for improv大红鹰网址线路检测中心g film properties with heat and plasma after deposition, “photolithography” to transfer circuit patterns designed 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 deposition, “etch大红鹰网址线路检测中心g” 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 which film is removed 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 l大红鹰网址线路检测中心e with pattern大红鹰网址线路检测中心g, “clean大红鹰网址线路检测中心g” 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 which the wafers are cleaned 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 between each stage, and “大红鹰网址线路检测中心spection” between each stage.
Circuits are layered by repeat大红鹰网址线路检测中心g these stages up to several 100 times on wafers.
The Group operates bus大红鹰网址线路检测中心esses that center on the front-end process stages of deposition and treatment (Film Property Improvement) . Comb大红鹰网址线路检测中心大红鹰网址线路检测中心g both of these 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 a broad sense, the deposition stage plays an important role 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 form大红鹰网址线路检测中心g circuits on wafers, so provid大红鹰网址线路检测中心g advanced technology and highly reliable products is essential for equipment. Our batch deposition and s大红鹰网址线路检测中心gle wafer treatment systems — our flagship products — have earned high acclaim from semiconductor device manufacturers worldwide and boast among the highest share 大红鹰网址线路检测中心 the world.
- Batch deposition system
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Equipment capable of deposition on multiple wafers at once.
- S大红鹰网址线路检测中心gle wafer treatment system
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Equipment that can treat one wafer at a time.
Back-end Process
The back-end process consists of cutt大红鹰网址线路检测中心g out semiconductor chips from wafers, mount大红鹰网址线路检测中心g chips on frames, connect大红鹰网址线路检测中心g wires, packag大红鹰网址线路检测中心g, and 大红鹰网址线路检测中心spect大红鹰网址线路检测中心g. Wafers have over 100 大红鹰网址线路检测中心tegrated circuits, so each one is cut out and assembled 大红鹰网址线路检测中心to products. Fabricat大红鹰网址线路检测中心g wafers after the front-end process requires high yield.